Introduction to mathematical model
- aerodynamic wing forces
- lift from the wing
- drag from the wing
- induced drag from wing
- factors that influence aero wing forces
- apparent wind angle
- area of the wing
- aspect ratio of wing
- camber of the wing
- bending of the mast
- mast thickness
- batten thickness and shape
- wing rake
- wing side slop
- boom angle to boat centerline
- tip shape wing top
- gap between boom and fuselage
- aerodynamic drag of boat components
- fuselage, plank, springboard, skipper, runners, rigging
- factors that influence aero drag of components
- frontal area of component that sees the apparent wind
- streamlining of component
- runner friction
- forward sliding friction
- lateral resistance friction
- excess resistance caused by
- torque mismatch
- steering runner actions initiated by skipper
- ice surface not strong enough for given side pressure
- factors that influence runner friction
- weight of boat and skipper
- lift from wing
- coef. of friction of ice
- snow cover
- runner length
- runner width
- facet angle
- tip sharpness
- smoothness of runner tip
- straightness of the runner tip grind
- lack of hollows in runner tip grind
- runner camber
- lead in front profile
- lead out rear profile
- thermal conductivity of runner
- air temperature
- roughness of ice
- looseness in steering system
- wobble in chocks or pillow blocks
- tightness of runners in chocks
- misalignment of runners
- runner plank crown
- stiffness of runner plank
- constraints in the model
- hiking limit
- maximum lift that the boat can tolerate
- when this limit is exceeded the boat will hike up about the front runner and the leeward runner
- factors influencing hiking limit
- height of wing
- plank length
- fuselage length
- springboard length
- attachment position of plank to fuselage
- side slop
- rake
- sail hoist
- runner side force limit
- maximum lateral side force that the runners can tolerate
- when this limit is exceeded the runner(s) will side sideways at right angles to line of boat travel
- factors influencing runner side force limit
- weight on rear runners
- weight on front runner
- runner facet angle
- runner tip sharpness
- hardness of ice
